錯置的離散：台藏家庭的在台境遇

作者：潘美玲（國立交通大學人文社會學系副教授）

摘要：

本文討論台灣妻子與流亡藏人丈夫所組成的家庭境遇。由於流亡藏人的「無國籍」身分，即使有合法的婚姻，卻因外交部「國家安全」的理由，藏人配偶只能拿到二到六個月的「停留簽證」，無法長期居留。雖然經過爭取，逐漸放寬限制，但藏人配偶受到的待遇卻比台灣其他東南亞新移民女性或中國配偶的跨國婚姻更為嚴苛甚至歧視。研究的對象集中在2008 年之後成婚的台藏家庭， 本文透過探究台藏家庭在台灣的困境，呈現台灣政府及其官僚在處理外配相關政策上的思維與盲點，以及如何構成對藏配人權的剝奪。首先將從台灣社會出現大量婚姻移民的社會脈絡，探討為何對於外籍配偶產生在種族、階級、性別等問題化的標籤，其次，從流亡藏人取得台灣身分過程的經驗，呈現出這些無國籍身分的難民被差異化對待的來源，從而構成偏見的結果。本文呈現台藏家庭實際的社會經濟屬性與樣貌，對照出台灣的政府與官僚如何錯置刻板印象，在處理台藏婚姻的配偶居留待遇事務上面，構成台灣國民的合法婚姻卻面臨離散的境遇。

關鍵字

無國籍、流亡藏人、跨國婚姻、外籍配偶、離散

Misplaced Displacement: TaiwaneseTibetan Families in Taiwan

Author：Mei-Lin Pan（Associate Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Chiao Tung University）

Abstract：

This paper discusses transnational marriages between Taiwanese citizens and exiled Tibetan spouses in Taiwan. According to government regulations, the foreign spouse of a transnational marriage in Taiwan will be granted residency for the sake of family reunion. Because exiled Tibetan spouses are stateless, they can only be granted a 2 to 6 month tourist visa for one stay. In the name of national security, “no residency” is written on the document. Based on a review of government documents and on interviews with Taiwanese-Tibetan married couples, I will demonstrate how the policy denying Tibetan spouses of Taiwanese citizens the right to apply for a resident visa is discriminatory and violates human nature. The paper also examines the reasons why the Taiwanese government and officials construct a bias in applying the problematic stereotype of “foreign brides” to Tibetan husbands. They suspect that a Taiwanese-Tibetan family is not based on love but serves as a channel for stateless people to gain legal citizenship. Comparative analysis clearly shows that the problem of displacement does not come from the stateless spouse but is the result of a prejudiced bias and wrong projection on this kind of marriage.

Keywords

stateless, exiled Tibetan, transnational marriage, foreign spouse, displacement

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