本文的宗旨是在聯合國《殘疾人權利公約》的框架下對殘障與平等參與的核心問題予以闡述和解析，包括五個方面的主題。首先，我們介紹平等參與原則的概念及其與無障礙和合理便利之間的聯繫。接著，我們簡析無障礙概念的發展，包括廣義和狹義的無障礙含義、無障礙在《公約》中、在學理上以及在中國的發展。隨後，我們分析合理便利在《殘疾人權利公約》中和在中國的發展，並總結出「比例原則」式的合理便利分析框架。接著，我們對無障礙和合理便利這兩個概念之間的關係進行分析，提出二者的共同點、差異點和內在關聯。最後，我們列舉具體運用無障礙和合理便利時需要關注的常見問題並提出若干建議。

 

關鍵字：平等參與、無障礙、可及性、合理便利、殘疾人權利公約

This article examines the core issues regarding equal participation of persons with disabilities in light of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006. It contains five main themes. First, we introduce the principle of equal participation and its relationship with accessibility and reasonable accommodation. Second, we analyze the concept of accessibility, including its meaning in both a broad and narrow sense and its development in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, in theory, and in the PRC context. Third, we illustrate the concept of reasonable accommodation, including its development in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and PRC, and propose to incorporate “the principle of proportionality” into its formula. Furthermore, we address the relationship between the concepts of accessibility and reasonable accommodation, and argue that they have nine shared features, eight different features, and three intrinsic correlations. Finally, we draw attention to six main areas of challenge concerning the application of accessibility and reasonable accommodation and provide suggestions to address these challenges.

 

Keywords: equal participation, accessibility, reasonable accommodation, UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities